Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but potentially impacting other organs. The bacteria spread through the air when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets that contain the infectious agents. While TB can be effectively treated with medication, Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure a complete and successful recovery.

Common Symptoms of Tuberculosis

The symptoms of tuberculosis can differ depending on the part of the body affected. In cases of pulmonary TB (which targets the lungs), common signs include:

• A continuous cough lasting more than three weeks
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Coughing up blood or mucus
• Night sweats
• Fever
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and weakness

If you experience these symptoms, it's important to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and diagnosis. In some instances, TB may not present obvious symptoms during its early stages, which is why routine check-ups are important for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

How Tuberculosis Spreads?

Tuberculosis is contagious and spreads primarily through the air when someone with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing bacteria-filled droplets. Prolonged exposure to an infected individual is typically necessary for transmission, and casual contact—such as shaking hands or sharing food—is not a common method of spreading. Simple hygiene practices, like covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing, can significantly reduce the risk of spreading the disease.

Causes of Tuberculosis (TB)

TB is caused by a bacterium called as *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, which generally enters the body through the lungs when inhaled via airborne droplets. While anyone can contract TB, the following factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

• A compromised immune system (due to conditions like HIV, malnutrition, or other chronic illnesses)
• Smoking
• Residing in overcrowded or unhygienic environments.

People with these risk factors should remain alert to changes in their health and consult a healthcare professional if symptoms arise.

How Tuberculosis Is Diagnosed?

To diagnose TB, healthcare providers use a combination of methods to confirm the presence of the bacteria:

• Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): A small amount of TB protein is injected into the skin, and the area is monitored for a reaction, which may indicate past exposure to the bacteria.
• Sputum Test: A sample of mucus from the lungs is examined for TB bacteria.

If symptoms suggest TB, it’s important to get tested promptly to help prevent further spread of the disease.

How Tuberculosis Is Treated?

The good news is that tuberculosis is treatable and curable with the right antibiotics. The treatment plan generally involves a combination of medications, which generally lasts for six months. It’s crucial to strictly follow the prescribed treatment regimen to avoid relapse or drug-resistant TB. Stopping treatment early can lead to serious complications, so always adhere to your healthcare provider’s instructions.

Get the Right Care at Prabhat Memorial Hiramati Hospital

At Prabhat Memorial Hiramati Hospital, we specialize in diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. If you or someone you know is showing symptoms of TB, don’t hesitate to seek medical help. Our skilled healthcare team is committed to offering thorough care during both the diagnosis and treatment phases, ensuring a complete recovery.